8.0 P H AS E E Q U I L I B R I A
Subtopic | Learning Outcome At the end of this subtopic, Y O U ..!!! as KMS PDT student should be able to : |
8.1 Single Component System | a) Define phase and component. b) Define triple point and critical point. c) Sketch and explain the phase diagram of H2O and CO2. d) Explain the anomalous behavior of H2O. e) Describe the changes in phase with respect to i. temperature (at constant pressure) ii. pressure (at constant temperature). |
8.2 Two Component System | a) State the miscibility of a liquid mixture: i. miscible ii. partially miscible iii. immiscible. b) State the properties of an ideal solution. c) Define and apply Raoult’s law. d) Plot the following diagram for an ideal solution i. vapour pressure-composition ii. boiling point-composition e) Explain the deviations from Raoult’s law and the properties of non-ideal solutions for the following : i. positive deviation ii. negative deviation f) Plot and interpret for the following diagram for non-ideal solution i. vapour pressure-composition ii. boiling point-composition g) Define azeotropic mixture. h) Determine the composition of azeotropic mixture from a boiling point-composition diagram. i) Explain the process involved in fractional distillation of a binary mixture. j) Determine the distillate and residue of a fractional distillation from the boiling point- composition diagram. |
8.3 Colligative Properties | a) Define colligative properties. b) Describe the colligative properties of a solution: i. lowering of vapour pressure ii. boiling point elevation iii. freezing point depression iv. osmotic pressure c) Perform calculations on colligative properties of a non-electrolyte solution containing non- volatile solutes. |
Bolehkah ilmu berkurang ? Allah berkuasa ke atas sesuatu. Satu kenyataan yang wajib untuk kita imani. Antara faktor ilmu boleh berkurang ialah : 1- jauh untuk mengamalkan ilmu tersebut
2-banyak melakukan maksiat
3-belajar tak ikhlas
Imam Waqie’ pernah berpesan kepada anak muridnya iaitu Imam As-syafei :
“ sesungguhnya ilmu itu cahaya, dan cahaya Allah tidak akan diberi kepada orang yang melakukan maksiat “
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